Sizing chart
Please touch "+" to see the measurements for each size
0 - Very small breeds:like Yorkshire Terrier, Miniature Pinscher, Ratter
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 2 2/5 inches (6 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 6 2/5 inches (16 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| no need |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 10 - 13 1/5 inches (25 - 33 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 1 4/5 inches (4.5 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 2 2/5 inches (6 cm) |
1 - Miniature Schnauzer etc.
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 2 1/5 inches (5.5 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 7 1/5 inches (18 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| no need |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 10 - 14 inches (25 - 35 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 2 1/5 inches (5.5 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 2 2/5 inches (6 cm) |
2
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 2 4/5 inches (7 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 8 inches (20 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 2 2/5 - 6 4/5 inches (6 - 17 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 10 4/5 - 16 inches (27 - 40 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 2 3/5 inches (6.5 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 2 4/5 inches (7 cm) |
3
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 2 3/5 inches (6.5 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 8 2/5 inch (21 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 3 3/5 - 7 1/5 inches (9 - 18 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 10 4/5 - 17 1/5 inches (27 - 43 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 2 4/5 inches (7 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 2 4/5 inches (7 cm) |
3A
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 4 inches (10 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 10 inches (25 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 2 - 8 2/5 inches (5 - 21 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 10 2/5 - 19 3/5 inches (26 - 49 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 2 4/5 inches (7 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 3 2/5 inches (8.5 cm) |
4 - Middle size breeds: like Poodle,
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 3 3/5 inches (9 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 9 3/5 inches (24 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 2 4/5 - 7 3/5 inches (7 - 19 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 14 4/5 - 18 4/5 inches (37 - 47 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 2 4/5 inches (7 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 3 1/5 inches (8 cm) |
4L - Middle size breeds: like Poodle with longer snout
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 4 1/5 inches (10.5 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 10 inches (25 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 1 3/5 - 6 4/5 inches (4 - 17 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 10 4/5 - 20 inches (27 - 50 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 3 inches (7.5 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 3 1/5 inches (8 cm) |
5 - Spaniel, Schnauzer, Foxterrier, Pinscher, Weimaraner etc.
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 4 2/5 inches (11 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 10 2/5 inches (26 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 2 4/5 - 7 3/5 inches (7 - 19 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 15 3/5 - 19 3/5 inches (39 - 49 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 3 inches (7.5 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 3 3/5 inches (9 cm) |
6 - Bigger dogs:like German Shepherd
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 4 inches (10 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 11 1/5 inches (28 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 2 3/5 - 8 4/5 inches (6.5 - 22 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 16 - 24 2/5 inches (40 - 61 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 3 1/5 inches (8 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 3 4/5 inches (9.5 cm) |
6L - Bigger dogs:like German Shepherd,with longer snout
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 4 4/5 inches (12 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 12 inches (30 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 1 3/5 - 8 inches (4 - 20 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 12 4/5 - 26 2/5 inches (32 - 66 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 3 1/5 inches (8 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 4 inches (10 cm) |
7 - Pointer, Pitbull, Amstaff, Dalmatian, Setter, Labrador, Golden Retriever
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 4 2/5 inches (11 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 12 4/5 inches (32 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 4 - 10 inches (10 - 25 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 14 - 25 3/5 inches (35 - 64 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 3 4/5 inches (9.5 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 4 inches (10 cm) |
8 - Poodle (big), Siberian Husky
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 4 3/5 inches (11.5 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 14 inches (35 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 6 - 10 4/5 inches (15 - 27 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 20 - 28 inches (50 - 70 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 4 inches (10 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 4 2/5 inches (11 cm) |
9 - Alaskan Malamute etc.
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 4 4/5 inches (12.5 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 13 3/5 inches (34 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 7 1/5 - 10 4/5 inches (18 - 27 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 20 - 28 inches (50 - 70 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 3 3/5 inches (9 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 4 2/5 inches (11 cm) |
10 - Caucasian ovcharka
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 4 4/5 inches (12 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 15 3/5 inches (39 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 5 3/5 - 13 3/5 inches (14 - 34 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 20 4/5 - 30 inches (52 - 75 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 4 inches (10 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 5 3/5 inches (14 cm) |
11 - Large Caucasian ovcharka, Leonberger, Great Dane
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 6.1 inches (15.5 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 15 3/4 inches (40 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 2.4 - 14.2 inches (6 - 36 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 18 - 31 inches (46 - 78 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 4 inches (10 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 5 3/5 inches (14 cm) |
12 - Dogs with extra broad snout:Saint Bernard
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 5 1/5 inches (13 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 19 inches (47.5 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 7 1/5 - 12 inches (18 - 30 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 24 4/5 - 34 2/5 inches (62 - 86 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 5 4/5 inches (14.5 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 6 1/5 inches (15.5 cm) |
13 - Dogs with extra big snout:Great Dane
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 5 1/5 inches (13 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 18 inches (45 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 7 1/5 - 15 1/5 inches (18-38 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 24 4/5 - 34 2/5 inches (62-86 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 4 2/5 inches (11 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 6 3/5 inches (16.5 cm) |
J1 - Small dogs with longer snout:
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 3 2/5 inches (8.5 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 8 inches (20 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 3 1/5 - 7 1/5 inches (8 - 18 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 6 3/5 - 12 4/5 inches (24 - 32 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 2 inches (5 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 2 3/5 inches (6.5 cm) |
J2 - Dachshund and other small dogs
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 3 3/5 inches (9 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 8 4/5 inches (22 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 3 1/5 - 7 1/5 inches (8 - 18 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 10 - 12 4/5 inches (25 - 32 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 2 2/5 inches (6 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 3 inches (7.5 cm) |
D1 - Dogs with longer snout
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 4 4/5 inches (12 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 10 4/5 inches (27 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 6 4/5 - 8 4/5 inches (17 - 22 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 18 - 22 inches (45 - 55 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 3 1/5 inches (8 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 3 3/5 inches (9 cm) |
D2 - Doberman Pinscher, Collie
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 5 2/5 inches (13.5 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 11 1/5 inches (28 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 4 2/5 - 8 2/5 inches (11 - 21 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 14 - 21 1/5 inches (35 - 53 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 3 3/5 inches (9 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 3 3/5 inches (9 cm) |
D3 - Setter, Pointer and other dogs
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 5 2/5 inches (13.5 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 12 inches (30 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 6 4/5 - 10 inches (17 - 25 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 18 4/5 - 22 4/5 inches (47 - 57 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 3 4/5 inches (9.5 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 3 4/5 inches (9.5 cm) |
B0 - French Bulldog, Pug
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 2 3/5 inches (6.5 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 10 3/5 inches (26.5 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 2 4/5 - 7 3/5 inches (7 -1 9 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 11 1/5 - 20 inches (28 - 50 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 3 1/5 inches (8 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 3 3/5 inches (9 cm) |
B0.5 - Boston terrier, French Bulldog bitch
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 2 1/5 inches (5.5 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 10 inches (25 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 2 2/5 - 5 3/5 inches (6 - 14 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 10 4/5 - 18 2/5 inches (27 - 46 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 3 1/5 inches (8 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 3 1/5 inches (8 cm) |
B1 - Dog with short snout:Boxer and other dogs with short snout
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 2 3/5 inches (6.5 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 11 1/5 inches (28 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 2 2/5 - 7 3/5 inches (6 - 19 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 13 1/5 - 22 inches (33 - 55 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 3 3/5 inches (9 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 3 3/5 inches (9 cm) |
B2
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 2 2/5 in(6 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 12 4/5 inches (32 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 3 - 10 inches (7.5 - 25 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 15 1/5 - 24 2/5 inches (38 - 61 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 4 inches (10 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 4 inches (10 cm) |
B3
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 3 1/5 inches (8 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 14 inches (35 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 6 4/5 - 8 4/5 inches (17 - 22 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 17 1/5 - 26 inches (43 - 65 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 4 3/5 inches (11.5 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 4 3/5 inches (11.5 cm) |
B3.5 - Bigger male English Bulldog, Dogue De Bordeaux
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 2 4/5 inches (7 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 16 2/5 inches (41 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 2 2/5 - 11 1/5 inches (6 - 28 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 16 - 29 1/5 inches (40 - 73 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 4 4/5 inches (12.5 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 4 4/5 inches (12.5 cm) |
B4 - Big American bulldog, bullmastiff, Dogue De Bordeaux
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 3 3/5 inches (9 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 18 inches (45 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 6 - 11 3/5 inches (15 - 29 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 25 1/5 - 34 4/5 inches (63 - 87 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 5 2/5 inches (13.5 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 5 4/5 inches (14.5 cm) |
R0 - Pitbull, amstaf and similar
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 3 2/5 inches (8.5 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 13 inches (32.5 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 1 3/5 - 10 2/5 inches (4 - 26 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 13 3/5 - 26 2/5 inches (34 - 66 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 3 2/5 inches (8.5 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 4 3/5 inches (11.5 cm) |
R1 - Dogs with broad snout:Rottweiler, Golden Retriever
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 3 4/5 inches (9.5 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 14 inches (35 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 2 4/5 - 7 3/5 inches (7 - 19 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 15 1/5 - 24 inches (38 - 60 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 3 4/5 inches (9.5 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 4 4/5 inches (12.5 cm) |
R1L - Dogs with broad snout:Rottweiler, Golden Retriever, with longer snout
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 4 3/5 inches (11.5 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 15 1/5 inches (38 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 1 3/5 - 6 4/5 inches (4 - 17 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 12 - 25 1/5 inches (30 - 63 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 3 4/5 inches (9.5 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 5 2/5 inches (13.5 cm) |
R2 - Labrador, Big Pitbull, Amstaff, Rottweiler
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 4 inches (10 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 14 2/5 inches (36 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 3 - 10 4/5 inches (7.5 - 27 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 17 1/5 - 26 inches (43 - 65 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 4 inches (10 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 4 4/5 inches (12.5 cm) |
R2L - Big Labrador, Berner Sennenhund, Anatolian Shepherd
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 4 2/5 inches (11 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 15 1/5 inches (38 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 1 3/5 - 10 2/5 inches (4 - 26 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 14 - 26 4/5 inches (35 - 67 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 4 inches (10 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 5 1/5 inches (13 cm) |
R3 - Bigger Rottweiler, Big Labrador
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 4 inches (10 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 15 1/5 inches (38 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 3 - 10 4/5 inches (7.5 - 27 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 21 3/5 - 30 2/5 inches (54 - 76 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 4 2/5 inches (11 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 5 2/5 inches (13.5 cm) |
R3.5
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 4 1/5 inches (10.5 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 17 inches (42.5 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
|
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 20 2/5 inches (50.85 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 4 4/5 inches (12 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 5 2/5 inches (13.5 cm) |
R3L - Bigger Rottweiler, Big Labrador, Berner Sennenhund
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 4 4/5 inches (12.5 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 15 4/5 inches (39.5 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 1 3/5 - 10 2/5 inches (4 - 26 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 18 2/5 - 31 1/5 inches (46 - 78 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 4 2/5 inches (11 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 5 1/5 inches (13 cm) |
R4 - Big American bulldog, bullmastiff
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 4 inches (10 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 18 4/5 inches (47 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 3 1/5 - 12 inches (8 - 30 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 24 4/5 - 33 1/5 inches (62 - 83 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 5 2/5 inches (13.5 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 6 1/5 inches (15.5 cm) |
OB1 - Malinois, GSD Bitch, Doberman
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 5 1/5 inches (13 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 12 2/5 inches (31 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 3 1/5 - 10 4/5 inches (8 - 27 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 13 1/5 - 22 inches (33 - 55 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 3 2/5 inches (8.5 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 4 inches (10 cm) |
OB2 - Big Malinois, Middle GSD
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 5 3/5 inches (14 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 14 inches (35 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 3 1/5 - 10 4/5 inches (8 - 27 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 15 1/5 - 24 inches (38 - 60 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 3 3/5 inches (9 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 4 4/5 inches (12 cm) |
OB3
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 5 4/5 inches (14.5 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 14 4/5 inches (37 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 3 1/5 - 11 3/5 inches (8 - 29 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 21 3/5 - 30 2/5 inches (54 - 76 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 4 inches (10 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 4 4/5 inches (12.5 cm) |
OB4
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 6 inches (15 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 16 2/5 inches (41 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 5 3/5 - 13 3/5 inches (14 - 34 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 24 4/5 - 33 1/5 inches (62 - 83 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 4 3/5 inches (11.5 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 5 2/5 inches (13.5 cm) |
BT - Bullterier male
| LengthInches (cm) |
| 5 3/5 inches (14 cm) |
| CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 14 2/5 inches (36 cm) |
| Eye LineInches (cm) |
| 1 3/5 - 10 2/5 inches (4 - 26 cm) |
| Neck CircumferenceInches (cm) |
| 16 - 28 4/5 inches (40 - 72 cm) |
| WidthInches (cm) |
| 4 2/5 inches (11 cm) |
| HeightInches (cm)) |
| 4 4/5 inches (12.5 cm) |
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He planned to continue her training with a class in advanced basic obedience and eventually to certify her as a "Canine Good Citizen." One woman said: You've got to work harder. You are being scrutinized and watched every minute of the day. You had better carry poop bags when you are out for a walk, because you'll be crucified for that one thing and that one thing alone...You just have to work harder, you're more visible... Advocacy and ambassadorship, then, served as the final way for respondents to manage pit bull stigma. They did so by rebutting negative comments about the breed and by actively promoting pit bulls, often through the charismatic personalities of their own dogs. As an extension of this advocacy, several owners assumed the responsibility of serving as role models, either individually or in partnership with their dogs. Discussion Although pet ownership is often cast as benign and unstressful, many pit-bull owners we studied experienced some aspects of their animal relationship as stigmatizing and relied on a number of interactional strategies to lessen the impact of this stigma or prevent it from occurring. The vast majority of respondents relied on one or more of the following strategies with their dogs: passing them as a breed other than pit bull, denying that their behavior is biologically predetermined, debunking adverse media coverage, using humor, emphasizing counter stereotypical behavior, avoiding stereotypical equipment or accessories, taking preventive measures, or becoming breed ambassadors. From the respondents' point of view, these strategies developed as an essential part of the relationships they had with their dogs and the people around them. At least with outlaw breeds like pit bulls, the human dog relationship is sociologically more complicated and interesting than previously thought. Prior research on the nature and management of stigma has been anthropocentric, focusing only on how humans experience and cope with blemishes in their individual or group identities.